WHAT IS A DATA CENTER
A data center is a secure facility that houses computer systems and infrastructure used to store, manage, and process large amounts of data.
WHAT DO DATA CENTERS DOData centers are used for running websites and online services, hosting cloud storage (Google Drive, iCloud, Dropbox) managing business operations (like banking systems), supporting communication (email, messaging apps), powering AI, scientific research, and big data analysis.
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Inside an Amazon Web Services Data Center in Oregon, USA
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WHY DO WE NEED DATA CENTERS
Data centers are essential because they store, manage, and protect the digital information we use every day. They keep websites, apps, and cloud services running, support businesses, and make it possible to stream videos, send emails, and access files from anywhere. Without data centers, the internet and most modern technology wouldn’t function.
HOW MUCH POWER DOES A DATA CENTER USE
Globally, data centers consume about 1–2% of all electricity. That’s roughly the same as the electricity use of a medium-sized country like Australia or Argentina.
A large data center (like one run by Google, Amazon, or Microsoft) can use 100 to 300 megawatts (MW) — enough to power 80,000 to 250,000 homes.
The average small data center might use 1–5 MW, depending on its size and function.
A large data center (like one run by Google, Amazon, or Microsoft) can use 100 to 300 megawatts (MW) — enough to power 80,000 to 250,000 homes.
The average small data center might use 1–5 MW, depending on its size and function.
HOW MUCH WATER DOES A DATA CENTER USE
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Data centers require a large amount of water to cycle through its facility 24/7 to cool the servers that run constantly and generate a lot of heat. These centers typically use evaporative cooling systems, which are more energy-efficient than air conditioning but use a lot of water.
A typical data center can use 3–5 million gallons of water per day—roughly the same as a city of 30,000–50,000 people. In 2021, Google’s data centers used 4.3 billion gallons of water in one year across all sites. |
The Microsoft data center in Chicago features over 17 miles of chilled water piping running through the facility.
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WHY DO DATA CENTERS REQUIRE SO MUCH POWER?
Data centers use large amounts of power primarily to run thousands of servers that operate continuously. These servers handle data storage, processing, and internet services without interruption.
A significant portion of energy is also used for cooling systems. Servers generate a lot of heat, and without proper cooling, they would overheat and fail. Air conditioning, fans, and sometimes water-based cooling systems are essential to maintain safe temperatures.
Power is also needed for networking equipment, lighting, and security systems. Additionally, data centers require backup power systems like batteries and generators to ensure 24/7 reliability in case of outages.
As demand for cloud computing, AI, and internet services grows, the power needs of data centers continue to rise.
A significant portion of energy is also used for cooling systems. Servers generate a lot of heat, and without proper cooling, they would overheat and fail. Air conditioning, fans, and sometimes water-based cooling systems are essential to maintain safe temperatures.
Power is also needed for networking equipment, lighting, and security systems. Additionally, data centers require backup power systems like batteries and generators to ensure 24/7 reliability in case of outages.
As demand for cloud computing, AI, and internet services grows, the power needs of data centers continue to rise.
WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE
Data centers play a vital role in our daily lives—powering everything from cloud storage for our photos, documents, and videos to keeping essential public infrastructure online during emergencies. While their importance is undeniable, we must ensure they contribute fairly and equitably for the resources they consume. This means rethinking tax breaks and energy discounts that shift the financial burden onto everyday consumers. Data centers are necessary, but our power and water bills shouldn't increase just to subsidize their operations.
